The average smartphone user has about 18 apps installed on their device. These apps enhance the device’s functionality, but they come with risks. All mobile apps process data, which means you have to share data with them. Knowing how to protect the data you share is vital for keeping your online identity secure.

Be aware of data privacy threats on mobile apps

Here are some of the risks that poorly secured mobile apps can expose you to:

• Malware and spyware. These are harmful programs that can secretly install themselves on your phone. Once inside, they can record keystrokes, steal passwords, or even access your camera and microphone. Always download apps from trusted sources like official app stores.
• Spoofing and phishing. Hackers may trick you into sharing sensitive information like passwords or credit card numbers. Spoofing makes fake websites or apps look legitimate, while phishing uses emails, texts, or messages to lure you into clicking malicious links. Be cautious with unexpected messages, even if they seem to come from people or companies you know.
• Third-party tracking. Many apps track your behavior and share it with advertisers or data brokers, even if the app has nothing to do with the data being collected. This can include your location, browsing history, and even how you use other apps. Review app permissions regularly, disable location tracking when not needed, and use privacy settings to restrict third-party data sharing on your phone.
• Identity theft. Your Social Security number, banking details, or login credentials may be stolen from your apps. Criminals can use this information to impersonate you and commit fraud. They may open accounts in your name, or frame you for crimes you did not commit.
• Blackmail and harassment. Hackers may use stolen personal data or compromising images for blackmail or online harassment. This often happens through compromised apps or phishing attacks that trick you into revealing sensitive information. Avoid sharing private content through unsecured apps, enable strong security settings, and be cautious of new contacts requesting personal details or media.

10 ways to secure communication online

There is no way to predict which mobile app will become a security threat. Follow this advice to keep your data secure and protect your online identity from hackers and cybercriminals.

1. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) on all accounts

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security to your accounts beyond just a password. Even if someone steals your password, they won’t be able to access your account without the second factor, like a code sent to your phone or a fingerprint scan.

Setting it up is usually straightforward. Most modern apps include MFA in their security settings. For the best security, use an authenticator app (like Google Authenticator or Authy) rather than SMS codes, since text messages can be intercepted.

2. Use passcodes, strong passwords, and biometric authentication

Your phone holds a lot of personal information, from private messages to banking apps, making it essential to secure it with strong protection. Start with a strong passcode—avoid simple combinations like "1234" or "0000" and instead use longer, random codes.

Even better, use complex alphanumeric passwords if your device allows it. Avoid using obvious passwords like birthdays or names, and never reuse the same password across multiple apps. Password manager apps can help you create and store unique, strong passwords without the hassle of remembering them all.

3. Enable your screen auto-lock feature

This simple setting adds an important layer of protection to your device. It prevents people from snooping when you leave your phone unattended. Whether you’re at a café, in the office, or on public transport, an unlocked phone is a potential goldmine for anyone looking to steal personal data.

Pair the auto-lock feature with a strong passcode or biometric authentication to ensure only you can unlock it. You can find auto-lock settings in your phone’s display or security menu. While entering your passcode more often may feel like a minor inconvenience, it will keep your data safe.

4. Guard your screen in public places

Shoulder surfing is a common tactic for stealing personal information. To protect yourself, be mindful of your surroundings when using your phone in public.

Position yourself so others can’t easily see your screen, or use a privacy screen protector that limits the viewing angle of your display. These simple filters make it nearly impossible for anyone beside you to see what’s on your screen.

5. Use trusted Wi-Fi networks

Public Wi-Fi networks in coffee shops, airports, or hotels are often unsecured and vulnerable to hackers. Cybercriminals can easily intercept data sent over these networks, accessing your emails, passwords, or even financial information.

To stay safe, only connect to Wi-Fi networks you trust, such as your home network or a reputable business’s secured connection. Only connect to networks that are password-protected. If you must use public Wi-Fi, avoid accessing sensitive accounts or entering personal information.

Using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) can add another layer of protection. It encrypts your data, making it much harder for anyone to snoop on your online activity.

6. Protect mobile hotspots with strong passwords

Using your phone as a mobile hotspot is a convenient way to share your internet connection, but it can also expose you to risks if not properly secured. If your hotspot isn’t password-protected, anyone nearby can connect to it, potentially accessing your data or slowing down your connection. The same is true if you use a simple, easy-to-guess password.

Always set a strong, unique password for your mobile hotspot, using a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Avoid using simple words or personal information that could be easily guessed. Additionally, change the default network name (SSID) to something that doesn’t reveal personal details, like your name or phone model.

7. Only download apps from trusted sources

Downloading apps from unofficial or unverified sources can expose your device to malware, spyware, or other security threats. Avoid downloading apps through links sent via text messages, emails, or from unfamiliar websites, as these can be disguised phishing attempts.

To stay safe, only download apps from trusted sources like the Apple App Store or Google Play Store, where apps are vetted for security. Even then, if an app requests access to things it doesn’t need, like your contacts or location for a simple game, be cautious.

8. Update mobile device software and keep applications up to date

Software updates often include patches that fix security flaws hackers could exploit to access your data. Delaying updates leaves your device open to these risks. Most smartphones allow you to enable automatic updates, ensuring you’re always protected against the latest vulnerabilities

Be cautious about ignoring update notifications, especially for critical apps like banking, messaging, or email. Additionally, outdated apps that are no longer supported by developers may pose a risk, so consider uninstalling apps you no longer use.

9. Be on the lookout for phishing scams in your inbox

Phishing scams often look legitimate, mimicking trusted companies, banks, or even friends. They may create a sense of urgency, like claiming your account is compromised or offering you fake rewards. They’re tricks designed to make you access a malicious file or link. Once you do, your device could be infected with malware, or you might be directed to a fake website that steals your data.

To protect yourself, always verify the sender’s information and look out for signs of phishing, such as poor grammar, strange URLs, or requests for sensitive information. If you’re unsure, contact the sender directly using contact information from a separate resource—not the information provided in the message itself.

10. Evaluate embedded links before clicking

Links embedded in emails, texts, or social media posts can be risky if you don’t know where they lead. Cybercriminals often use these links to direct you to fake websites designed to steal your personal information or install malware on your device.

Even if the message appears to come from a trusted source, it’s important to double-check. Before clicking, hover over the link (if possible) to preview the URL—look for slight misspellings or unusual domain names that may indicate a scam. On mobile devices, you can press and hold the link to see the full address.

Avoid clicking on links from unknown senders, and be skeptical of any link that promises deals that seem too good to be true. If a friend or company sends you a suspicious link, reach out to confirm it’s legitimate. Taking a moment to evaluate links can prevent data theft and keep your device secure.